Endocrinology and Diabetes Congress 2021 highlights the theme “Reunite to boost Hands against Metabolic disorders” Which emphasis on the newest advancements in prevention and treatment cure of varied metabolic diseases which may be due to diabetic and endocrine complications and provides robust discussions on methods and methods related to diagnosis, prevention and management of metabolic disorders also as explore

new ideas and ideas for treatment of Endocrine Complications

Track 1: Diabetes

Diabetes describes a gaggle of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels. Diabetes are often caused by the pancreas not producing insulin (type 1 diabetes) or by insulin resistance (cells don't answer insulin; type 2 diabetes).
Diabetes insipidus Patients with diabetes have excessive thirst and excrete large amounts of extremely diluted urine. Diabetes is usually a results of either a scarcity of vasopressin or insensitivity to vasopressin causing kidney or nephron dysfunction.
Type one polygenic disorder (also called polygenic disorder mellitus) is Associate in Nursing disease within which immune cells attack and destroy the insulin-producing cells of the exocrine gland . The loss of insulin results in the lack to manage blood glucose levels. Patients are usually treated by insulin-replacement therapy.
Type 2 DM , the foremost frequent subtype of diabetes, may be a disease characterized by high levels of blood sugar (hyperglycaemia).It happen from a resistance to and relative deficiency of the pancreatic β-cell hormone insulin.
• Diabetes
• Type 1 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes
• diabetes

Track 2: Risk Factors and Related Diseases of Diabetes

High levels of sugars or glucose within the blood cause such a chronic condition called DM . High aldohexose in blood could cause eye injury, urinary organ injury, and nerve injury. Diabetes increases the danger of varied cardiovascular diseases like arteria coronaria disease, attack , heart stroke and narrowing of arteries which reduces the blood flow through the arteries. High levels of glucose within the blood can damage blood vessels and nerves causing loss of sensation in sexual organs, which results in sexual dysfunction. additionally to the present , people with diabetes have more chances to develop infections which will cause allergies. Diabetes is that the main explanation for cardiovascular diseases, renal failure , and blindness. Diabetes also can cause foot ulcers and hearing problems, people with diabetes have hearing disorder commonly. Maintaining blood glucose levels, sign , diabetic gastro paresis which has been reported to possess the foremost cause as DM and cholesterol at or on the brink of normal can help delay or prevent diabetes complications.
• Diabetic Retinopathy
• Prediabetes
• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Extreme hunger
• Unexplained weight loss

Track 3: Diabetes Complications

Long-term complications of diabetes develop gradually. Diabetes complications could even be impair or even life-threatening.
• disorder . Diabetes dramatically will increase the prospect of various vessel issues, also as artery illness with hurting (angina), attack, stroke and narrowing of arteries (atherosclerosis). If you've polygenic disorder , you're tons of seemingly to have cardiopathy or stroke.
• Nerve damage (neuropathy). Excess sugar will damage the walls of the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) that nourish your nerves, particularly in your legs.
This will cause tingling, numbness, burning or pain that sometimes begins at the rules of the toes or fingers and bit by bit spreads upward.
Left untreated, you'll lose all sense of feeling within the pretentious limbs. Damage to the nerves associated with digestion can cause problems with nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea or constipation. For men, it's getting to cause male erecticle dysfunction .
• Kidney damage (nephropathy). The kidneys contain countless tiny vas clusters (glomeruli) that filter waste from your blood. Diabetes can damage this delicate filtering system. Severe harm will cause kidney disease or irreversible end-stage renal disorder, which may need chemical analysis or a excretory organ transplant.
• Eye damage (retinopathy). Diabetes will harm the blood vessels of the membrane (diabetic retinopathy), doubtless leading to visual impairment . Diabetes additionally will increase the danger of various serious vision conditions, like cataracts and disease .
• Foot damage. Nerve harm within the feet or poor blood flow to the feet will increase the danger of various foot complications. Left untreated, cuts and blisters will develop serious infections, which regularly heal poorly.These infections might ultimately need toe, foot or leg amputation.
• Skin conditions. Diabetes might leave you extra susceptible to skin issues, also as microorganism and flowers infections.
• hearing disorder . Hearing issues area unit tons of common in folks with polygenic disorder .
• Alzheimer's disease . Type 2 polygenic disorder could increase the danger of insanity, like Alzheimer’s. The poorer your blood sugar management, the larger the danger seems to be. Although there are a unit theories on however these disorders could be connected, none has however been tried.
• Depression. Depression symptoms area unit common in folks with sort one and type a pair of polygenic disorder . Depression can affect diabetes management.

Track 4: Metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome could also be a medical disorder which will cause disorder and polygenic disorder . Metabolic syndrome may be a Group of conditions increased vital sign , a high blood glucose level, excess body fat round the waist and abnormal cholesterol levels that occur together, increasing your risk of heart condition , stroke, and diabetes. Also, a hormone disorder during which the feminine body produces an excessive amount of of certain hormones. Genetic factors influence every individual element of the syndrome, and also the syndrome itself. A history that has sort a pair of polygenic disorder , high vital sign , and early disorder greatly will increase the prospect that a personal can develop metabolic syndrome. Most of the disorders associated with metabolic syndrome do not have any symptoms, although an outsized waist circumference may be a visible sign and it alters steroid hormone levels. If your glucose is extremely high, you'll expertise signs and symptoms of polygenic disorder along side hyperbolic thirst and elimination, fatigue, and blurred vision.

Track 5: system

The system may be a network of glands that end up and unleash hormones that facilitate management several necessary body functions, also because the body's ability to change calories into energy that powers cells and organs. The system influences, however, your heart beats, however, your bones and tissues grow, even your ability to make a baby. It plays an important role in whether or not or not or not you develop the polygenic disease , thyroid unwellness, growth disorders, sexual dysfunction, and variety of various hormone-related disorders. The system consists of a spread of varied glands that secrete hormones that dictate however cells and organs behave. The system is responsible for regulation several of the body's processes.

Track 6: Glands of system

Each gland of the system releases specific hormones into your blood. These hormones travel across your blood to alternative cells and facilitate management or coordinate several body processes.
The list below provides a spread of the roles of glands within the endocrine system:
• Pancreas – regulates blood sugar levels
• thyroid - helps to manage our metabolism
• pituitary – stimulates growth
• pineal body – helps to manage our sleep patterns
• Testes – advance development of male sex characteristics

Track 7: system and energy metabolism

Metabolism encompasses over all the chemical reactions that alter the body to sustain life. Energy metabolism is one of these processes and is critical for all times . The body is ready to use fat, protein and carbohydrate to provide energy.. The exocrine gland plays an important half in energy metabolism by secreting the hormones hormone and endocrine that severally create aldohexose and fatty acids offered for cells to utilize for energy.

Track 8: Endocrine Disorders

The system balances the hormones within the bloodstream. If your body has an excessive amount of or deficient of a specific endocrine, the feedback system signals the proper gland or glands to correct the matter. A endocrine imbalance could occur if this method has bother keeping the right level of hormones within the blood, or if your body doesn't clear them out of the bloodstream properly.
Endocrine disorders are typically categorized into two types:
Endocrine sickness that results once a gland produces an excessive amount of or deficient of Associate in nursing endocrine endocrine, called a hormone imbalance.
Endocrine disease thanks to the event of lesions (such as nodules or tumors) within the system , which can or might not affect hormone levels
Increased or attenuate levels of endocrine endocrine is additionally caused by
A problem with the endocrine feedback system
• Injury to an endocrine
• Tumor of an endocrine

Track 9: Thyroid disorders

The thyroid is found within the front of the neck and produces hormone , which helps regulate the body’s metabolism. Problems with the thyroid include an excessive amount of (hyperthyroidism) or insufficient (hypothyroidism) hormone , inflammation of the thyroid (thyroiditis), thyroid nodules (lumps within the thyroid gland), or thyroid cancer.
Hyperthyroidism refers to having an excessive amount of hormone within the blood, which ends up in a rise within the body's metabolism.
Hypothyroidism refers to having insufficient hormone , which may end in a slowing of the body's metabolism.
Thyroiditis refers to inflammation of the thyroid . this will sometimes end in a short lived increase hormone within the blood (hyperthyroidism), but also can cause long-term destruction of the thyroid , eventually causing low hormone (hypothyroidism).

Track 10: Pituitary and Adrenal disorders

The pituitary may be a tiny secreter (about the size of a urinary organ bean) situated at rock bottom of the brain, simply below the optic (eye) nerve during a very bony space called the sella turcica. it's created of the anterior (adenohypophysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis) endocrine. it's usually mentioned because the “master gland” as a results of it produces sort of endocrines that regulate different hormone glands within the body.
Cushing's disease may be a rare condition caused by associate overrun of the adrenal hormone Cortef. the foremost common sort of adenosis is because of associate excess secretion of the pituitary hormone , ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone), which circulates within the blood and stimulates the adrenal .
The adrenal glands square measure placed simply above the kidneys and switch out 3 major hormones, two of which originate within the outer cortex (cortisol and aldosterone) and therefore the other from the inner medulla (epinephrine):
Cortisol, a crucial hormone for the regulation of glucose and protein metabolism, also as vital sign and therefore the system .
Aldosterone, a hormone involved in vital sign , sodium and potassium balance.
Epinephrine (adrenalin), a serious hormone of the sympathetic systema nervosum and therefore the “fight-or-flight” response.
Adrenal insufficiency involves reduced hormone secretion from the adrenal gland , resulting in a deficiency of all adrenal hormones, along side hydrocortisone and mineralocorticoid.

Track 11: Reproductive hormone disorders

Reproductive secretion disorders will have an impact on fertility and can have long effects on metabolic, vessel and bone health. The generative hormones symbolize steroid and Lipo-Lutin in girls and androgen in men.
Ovarian insufficiency (sometimes mentioned as premature menopause) happens once the ovaries either don't develop or area unit broken and not perform usually. Ovaries are going to be surgically removed, or broken by the system, or from therapy, or radiation treatments needless to say sorts of cancer.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may be a metabolic condition that happens in some women of generative age. Symptoms will embrace irregular expelling periods, loss of fertility, magnified hair growth on the face, chest, or abdomen, acne, and an inclination toward weight gain and hypoglycemic agent resistance (diabetes).
Testosterone, the male hormone (produced within the testes), features a crucial role in maintaining fertility, energy, strength and metabolism. Men with low androgen will have symptoms of low energy and mood likewise as reduced strength and concupiscence (sex drive). within the future, they're conjointly in peril for low bone density (osteoporosis). The causes of low androgen are often gonad trauma, radiation or therapy surely sorts of cancer, infection or loss of blood offer to the testes.

Track 12: system and diabetes

Diabetes affects however the body regulates glucose levels. Insulin helps to reduce levels of glucose whereas glucagon's role is to increase glucose levels. In individuals while not polygenic disorder , hypoglycaemic agent and hormone work along to remain glucose levels balanced.
In polygenic disorder , the body either doesn't manufacture enough hypoglycaemic agent or doesn't respond properly to hypoglycaemic agent inflicting AN imbalance between the results of hypoglycaemic agent and hormone .
In sort one polygenic disorder , the body isn't ready to manufacture enough hypoglycaemic agent so glucose becomes too high unless hypoglycaemic agent is injected.
In ordered pair of polygenic disorder , the body is unable to retort effectively to hypoglycaemic agent , which can additionally cause beyond traditional glucose levels. Medications for type 2diabetes include those which help to extend insulin sensitivity, those which stimulate the pancreas to release more insulin and other medications which inhibit the discharge of glucagon.

Track 13: pediatric Endocrinology

Hormones play a serious role in driving a child’s growth and development. Problems with growth, puberty, and sexual development usually have their roots within the system. Endocrinology also deals with hypoglycaemia and other sorts of hyperglycaemia in childhood, variations of puberty, also other adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary problems. Many pediatric endocrinologists have interests and knowledge in bone metabolism, supermolecule metabolism, adolescent medicine, or inborn errors of metabolism.

Track 14: Obesity and metabolic disorders

There are presently over one.9 billion people that are weighty or overweight, leading to a rise in connected health complications, also as hormone resistance, kind a pair of polygenic disorder , upset, disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The finding that fat and disorder are amid chronic inferior inflammation has basically modified our read of the underlying causes and progression of fleshiness and metabolic syndrome. We currently apprehend that associate inflammatory program is activated early in fat growth and thru chronic fat, permanently skewing the system to a pro-inflammatory constitution, and that we are starting to delineate the reciprocal influence of fatness and inflammation.

Track 15: Diabetic & Endocrine Diagnostic Tools and Tests

•Adrenal Venous Sampling for Aldosterone, Androgen Levels, Angiography, Arginine Stimulation Test, Arterial Stimulation with Venous Sampling, Autonomic Function Tests

•C-peptide Suppression Test, Calcium Infusion Test for Medullary Cancer of the Thyroid, Captopril Test, Clomiphene Test, Clonidine Suppression Test, Combined Pituitary Function Tests (CPT), Cortisol Day Curve, CRH Test

•Glycated hemoglobin (A1C) test, Exercise Test, Fasting Test, Fine Needle Aspiration of a Thyroid Nodule (FNA), Finger Size Assessment, Gastric Acid Secretion, Glucagon Test, Glucose Tolerance Test, Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone GnRH/LHRH Test

•Radioactive Iodine Test, Screening for Ovulation, Selective Arterial Injection for the Localization of Gastrinomas and Insulinomas, Selenium Cholesterol Scanning for Conn's Tumours

•Short Synacthen Test, Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy

•Technetium Scan, Therapeutic Trial of ddAVP, Thyrotrophin Releasing Hormone (TRH) Test, Tolbutamide Test, Ultrasound, Visual Field Testing (Goldmann perimetry), Water Deprivation Test.  

Track 16: Diabetes & Vascular Diseases

Heart disease may be a complication which will affect people having diabetes if their condition isn't managed well for an extended period of your time . High vital sign (Hyperglycemia), which characterizes diabetes, together with free fatty acids within the blood can alter the character of blood vessels, and this will cause heart condition . Vascular disorders include arteria coronaria disease (CAD), retinopathy (damage to the vision) and nephropathy, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and heart stroke. Diabetes also affects the guts muscle which causes both systolic and diastolic coronary failure .

Track 17: Diabetes Nursing

One of the foremost significant features of diabetes management is that the self-management of diabetes which may be effectively achieved, and complications prevented with the assistance and support of the nursing team. Diabetes specialist nurses play an important role in screening diabetic persons, detecting early onset of diabetes, considering nutritional needs of the patient, promoting self-management, providing prevention advice, spreading awareness on diabetes and providing health education. it's very necessary for nurses to be educated, trained and skilled sufficiently to be ready to proficiently deliver care, support self-management and supply advice to diabetic p